In Norway’s digital education landscape, the VAT treatment of online courses hinges on a crucial distinction: human interaction. This guide explains how Norwegian tax authorities classify online courses and what it means for providers. The Fundamental Distinction: Services vs. Tools The Norwegian tax system divides online courses into two categories: What Makes a Teaching Service […]
Investing Through a BV vs. Personal Investing
When building an investment portfolio in the Netherlands, entrepreneurs face a crucial decision: whether to invest through their private limited company (BV) or personally. This choice primarily revolves around tax implications and ultimately affects the net returns on investments. Investing Through a BV: Tax and Financial Implications Corporate Tax Structure Substantial Interest Tax (Box 2) […]
Director Requirements for Private Limited Companies: A Global Comparison
As businesses increasingly operate across borders, understanding director requirements in different jurisdictions has become crucial for international expansion. This comprehensive guide examines director requirements for private limited companies across major global markets. This article is part of our Business Attraction Index Series where we compare the most attractive jurisdictions for starting and growing a business. […]
Virtual Office Requirements: A Global Analysis
The concept of virtual offices has evolved significantly beyond simple mail forwarding services, presenting both opportunities and challenges for international businesses. Understanding the requirements demands consideration of both regulatory frameworks and practical business needs. As part of the Business Attraction Index, this article will compare over 20 of the most commonly-used jurisdictions and their attitudes […]
Chemical Industry Expansion into Europe – Choosing the Right Base
A Case Study in European Market Entry for Chemical Manufacturing We recently advised an established Indian chemical manufacturer specializing in water treatment, gas industry, and pharmaceutical chemicals on their European expansion. Their goal was to establish a strong presence in Western Europe, with potential to serve Nordic markets as well. The Company’s Profile Core Business: […]
Operating as a Fuel Wholesaler in the Netherlands – Prices, Regulations and Licenses
Question: Our US company wants to store petroleum products in Rotterdam port tanks and trade them. What exact permits, licenses, and registrations do we need to operate legally in the Netherlands? Answer: Setting up a fuel trading operation in the Netherlands, particularly through the Port of Rotterdam, requires careful navigation of both Dutch and EU […]
The EU Blue Card: Everything You Need to Know
The EU Blue Card is a work permit that allows citizens of non-EU countries to work in the EU. It is a popular choice for many people who want to work in Europe, as it has many benefits compared to other visas. In this article, we will discuss who can apply for the EU Blue […]
Establishing an ERP Business in the European Union
What is an ERP? A European Responsible Person (ERP) serves as a critical link between non-EU cosmetic manufacturers and the European market. Under EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC No 1223/2009), ERPs must be either a natural person or legal entity located within the European Economic Area (EEA). Their primary responsibility is ensuring cosmetic products comply with […]
Q&A: Can You Get the 30% Ruling After Studying in the Netherlands?
The 30% ruling is a tax advantage for highly skilled migrants working in the Netherlands, allowing them to receive 30% of their salary tax-free. However, eligibility can be complex, especially for those with previous ties to the Netherlands. This Q&A addresses a common scenario: a former student who completed their master’s degree in the Netherlands, […]
Guide to European Startup Media: Podcasts, Newsletters and More
In recent years, Europe’s startup ecosystem has experienced unprecedented growth, with cities like London, Berlin, Paris, Amsterdam and Stockholm emerging as major innovation hubs. As the ecosystem matures, there’s been a corresponding boom in high-quality media coverage focusing on European entrepreneurship. This guide explores the best podcasts, newsletters, and other media resources that we think […]